In China, however, because multiplication of integers is commutative, many schools use a smaller table as below. The illustration below shows a table up to 12 × 12, which is a size commonly used nowadays in English-world schools.
![math loops the times tables for kids math loops the times tables for kids](https://i.pinimg.com/236x/35/10/37/3510378379b711b2b32c26be51019bfb.jpg)
![math loops the times tables for kids math loops the times tables for kids](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f4/04/55/f40455a78b98c43eff1d61c18f2cf049--times-tables-flashcard.jpg)
Leslie also recommended that young pupils memorize the multiplication table up to 50 × 50. In his 1820 book The Philosophy of Arithmetic, mathematician John Leslie published a multiplication table up to 99 × 99, which allows numbers to be multiplied in pairs of digits at a time. In 493 AD, Victorius of Aquitaine wrote a 98-column multiplication table which gave (in Roman numerals) the product of every number from 2 to 50 times and the rows were "a list of numbers starting with one thousand, descending by hundreds to one hundred, then descending by tens to ten, then by ones to one, and then the fractions down to 1/144." In modern time The Greco-Roman mathematician Nichomachus (60–120 AD), a follower of Neopythagoreanism, included a multiplication table in his Introduction to Arithmetic, whereas the oldest surviving Greek multiplication table is on a wax tablet dated to the 1st century AD and currently housed in the British Museum. It is also called the Table of Pythagoras in many languages (for example French, Italian and Russian), sometimes in English.
![math loops the times tables for kids math loops the times tables for kids](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/86/d6/2e86d6e62f55cf2a933f55b8bc5ab810--times-tables-math-numbers.jpg)
The multiplication table is sometimes attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras (570–495 BC).